알쓸전컴(알아두면 쓸모있는 전자 컴퓨터)
DjangoTEST 하기 본문
TEST 하기
여기서 테스트 할것은 polls/model.py 의 Question 의 함수에서 was_published_recently()가 Question.pub_date 가 오늘 날짜인지 구분하는
함수를 만들것 입니다. 테스트를 위해 일부러 잘못된 코드를 작성 하도록 할것 입니다.
polls/models.py
from django.db import models
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
def was_published_recently(self):
return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)위와 같은 코드가 모델로 작성 되어 있습니다.
일단 Python 콘솔 에서 아래와 같이 입력하면
import django
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")
django.setup()
from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
setup_test_environment()
from polls.models import Question
future_question = Question(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
future_question.was_published_recently()
TRUE 로 결과가 나옵니다. 하지만 future_question 은 30일 미래 입니다.
FALSE가 나와야 합니다.
이를 콘솔이 아니라 직접 테스트 코드를 입력 합니다.
테스트트 코드를 만들때는 class 는 TestCase 을 상속 받고 테스트할 함수의 이름은 test_ 로 시작 하여야 합니다.
polls/tests.py
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from .models import Question
class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
pub_date is in the future.
"""
time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
$ python manage.py test polls
을 실행 시키면
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionMethodTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/bhkim/mysite/polls/tests.py", line 12, in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question
self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
AssertionError: True is not False
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.002s
FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
위와 같이 나옵니다.
어디서 오류와 나왔는지 상세히 알려줍니다.
그러니 버그를 수정하겠습니다.
버그 수정
polls/models.py
from django.db import models
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
# Create your models here.
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
def was_published_recently(self):
now = timezone.now()
return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
위와 같이 수정 하고 나서
$ python manage.py test polls
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.002s
OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
위와같은 결과가 나옵니다.
위에 결과에서 Creating test database for alias 'default'... 을 나온것 처럼 기존에 DB에서 데이터를 사용하지 않고 구조만 사용하는
테스트 전용 DB를 만들어서 테스트를 진행해 줍니다.
이러한 기세를 모아서 2개 테스트 코드를 더 입력 하겠습니다.
polls/tests.py
from django.test import TestCase
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from .models import Question
# Create your tests here.
class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
pub_date is older than 1 day.
"""
time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose
pub_date is within the last day.
"""
time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)
test_was_published_recently_with_old_question,test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question 의 2개의 함수를 추가 합니다.
$ python manage.py test polls
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.003s
OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
테스트 클라이언트
클라이언트로 접속 했을때 상황등을 테스트 할수가 있습니다.
콘솔로 실행 해보도록 하겠습니다.
In : import django
In :import os
In :os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")
In :django.setup()
In :from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
In :setup_test_environment()
In :from django.test import Client
In :client = Client()
In :response = client.get('/')
In :response.status_code
Out : 404
In :response.content
Out : b'\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="en">\n<head>\n <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">\n <title>Page not found at /</title>\n <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE">\n <style type="text/css">\n html * { padding:0; margin:0; }\n body * { padding:10px 20px; }\n body * * { padding:0; }\n body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; }\n body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }\n h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; }\n h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }\n table { border:none; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; }\n td, th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }\n th { width:12em; text-align:right; colo......
In :from django.urls import reverse
In :reverse('polls:index')
Out :'/polls/'
In :response = client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
In :response.status_code
Out :200
In :response.content
Out :b'\n <ul>\n \n <li><a href="/polls/6/">what question6</a></li>\n \n <li><a href="/polls/5/">what question5</a></li>\n \n <li><a href="/polls/4/">what question4</a></li>\n \n <li><a href="/polls/3/">what question3</a></li>\n \n <li><a href="/polls/2/">what question2</a></li>\n \n </ul>\n\n'
In : response.context_data['latest_question_list']
Out : <QuerySet [<Question: Question object>, <Question: Question object>, <Question: Question object>, <Question: Question object>, <Question: Question object>]>
위와 같이 Client 로 테스트 할수가 있습니다.
수정 View test
일부러 View 를 수정한 다음에 테스트 코드를 작성 하겠습니다.
polls/views.py
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect,HttpResponse
from .models import Question,Choice
from django.urls import reverse
from django.views import generic
from django.utils import timezone
def index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}
return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)
def detail(request,question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})
def results(request,question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})
def vote(request,question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
try:
selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
# Redisplay the question voting form.
return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
'question': question,
'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
})
else:
selected_choice.votes += 1
selected_choice.save()
# Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
# with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
# user hits the Back button.
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))
class IndexView(generic.ListView):
template_name = 'polls/index.html'
context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'
def get_queryset(self):
"""Return the last five published questions."""
return Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
model = Question
template_name = 'polls/detail.html'
class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
model = Question
template_name = 'polls/results.html'
수정을 해줍니다.
이를 테스트 하기 위해서
polls/tests.py
from django.test import TestCase
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from .models import Question
from django.urls import reverse
def create_question(question_text, days):
"""
Creates a question with the given `question_text` and published the
given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
"""
time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)
# Create your tests here.
class QuestionMethodTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for questions whose
pub_date is older than 1 day.
"""
time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30)
old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return True for questions whose
pub_date is within the last day.
"""
time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)
class QuestionViewTests(TestCase):
def test_index_view_with_no_questions(self):
"""
If no questions exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
"""
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_a_past_question(self):
"""
Questions with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the
index page.
"""
create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_question_list'],
['<question: question="" object="">']
)
def test_index_view_with_a_future_question(self):
"""
Questions with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on
the index page.
"""
create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_future_question_and_past_question(self):
"""
Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
should be displayed.
"""
create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_question_list'],
['<question: question="" object="">']
)
def test_index_view_with_two_past_questions(self):
"""
The questions index page may display multiple questions.
"""
create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_question_list'],
['<question: question="" object="">', '<question: question="" object="">']
)
다음과 같이 test 코드를 작성 한뒤에 테스트를 하면 됩니다.
$ python manage.py test polls
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
........
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 8 tests in 0.051s
OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
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